Polycystic Ovaries and PMOS are not the same

There is still confusion about the difference between polycystic ovaries and polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, also known as PMOS, which was previously called PCOS. An ultrasound finding of polycystic ovaries does not by itself confirm PMOS, because diagnosis usually depends on a combination of symptoms, hormone tests, and scan findings.

Many women have polycystic ovaries on a scan and still have regular periods. Some women will conceive without difficulty, so this finding on its own should not cause alarm.

Why more women are being diagnosed

PMOS is a metabolic and hormonal condition, and more women are being diagnosed with it. Part of this increase may reflect better recognition of symptoms, alongside broader changes such as the rising incidence of obesity in the population.

Common symptoms

The most common symptoms include irregular or infrequent periods, acne, excess facial or body hair, and scalp hair thinning. Acanthosis nigricans can also appear as darkened, thickened skin in the neck or armpits, and it may be linked with insulin resistance.

Some women first notice symptoms around puberty, while others only become aware of them later when they try to conceive.

Health risks

PMOS can increase the risk of fertility problems, miscarriage, type 2 diabetes, and long-term metabolic issues. Excess weight can worsen some symptoms, although many women with PMOS are not overweight.

Because insulin resistance can be part of the condition, doctors may recommend a glucose tolerance test or other metabolic checks in some patients.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on symptoms and pregnancy plans. The combined oral contraceptive pill may help regulate periods and reduce acne or excess hair growth, while metformin may help with insulin resistance and may support ovulation in some women.

For women trying to conceive, clomifene may be used to stimulate ovulation. If medicines are not effective, laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered in some cases.

Lifestyle changes can also help, especially if someone is overweight. NHS guidance says that weight loss and a healthy, balanced diet can improve some symptoms.

When to seek help

If you would like specialist advice about PMOS or polycystic ovaries, contact Mr Nicholas Morris and his team to arrange a consultation. Appointments can be booked by calling 020 8371 1510 or emailing secretary@rapidaccessgynaecology.co.uk.